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分享 美国华人百态:以行骗为生的“职业租客”
国际新闻 2016-6-12 19:32
美国是“专业白住”房客的天堂? 华人在美国生活,不是租借别人房子当房客,就是买房出租分担经济压力。但有一类“专业租客”属于例外,他们每住一处都给房东们“上课”,留下痛苦记忆和教训。 所谓“专业租客”(Professional renter),也叫“职业白住租客”、“老赖租户”、“恶房客”、“神仙房客”、“霸王租客”、“专业租霸”、“蹭房族”、“骗租团伙”、“无赖租客”等,专指那些欠了房东的租金还不肯搬走的人,而房东及债主碍于法律条文对其无可奈何。“职业租客”主观上有故意拒付房租的恶意,是导致房屋租赁纠纷冲突的主要肇因,还容易引发其它的刑事案件和民事诉讼。尽管美国有完善的社会信用体系,使赖债和有犯罪前科的人难以遁形,但由于华人出租房屋时很少对租客进行信用背景调查,有的甚至没有比较规范的合约,因而经常沦为“职业租客”的受害者。美国许多地方法律偏向保护租客权益,客观上也加大了屋主赶走“职业租客”的难度。 本文透过一些案例和新闻事件,对“职业租客”这一社会特殊群体进行剖析,帮助房东及房客了解如何运用法律来保护自己的合法权益,以及如何采取恰当的行动制服“职业租客”,使受损程度降至最低限度。 ● “职业租客”多以行骗为生 “租霸”的雷语: --- “我在美国呆了那么多年,租房没花过自己一分钱。” --- “在国外,我没什么亲人,不搬走是舍不得离开你。” --- “其实我是有钱人,我在国内的房子比你这屋值钱。” 纽约华裔警官黄先生曾接到法拉盛一位居民的报警,数度前往其住宅调解房东与一名恶房客之间的冲突。房东抱怨说,28岁女子周晓兰已霸占一间卧室长达半年,却仅交过一个月的租金和押金。不仅如此,周晓兰还谩骂房东,堵塞马桶,冬天开窗打电暖器。黄警官告诉房东,按法律规定,房客住满30天就算是居民了,不属于临时寄宿者,房东只能通过向法院申请强制驱逐令才可赶走周晓兰,这就是所谓的“30天法则”。警方无权处理民事经济纠纷。这名房东接受了黄警官的忠告,聘请律师打官司,最后由法警将周晓兰强制逐离。黄警官解释说,租客赖着不走,不交房租,房东也不能换锁或切断煤气水电,更不能把租客的私人物品扔到屋外。如果租客抢先报警,反告房东持凶器威胁或打伤租客,警察到场时只会将房东逮捕。严重的话,房东还会被严禁返回自己的家,而租客却仍可继续住下去。 无独有偶,一名比较懂法的“职业租客”邸千也曾主动向黄警官报警,要求警方逮捕法拉盛140-58 Ash Ave家庭旅馆的房东范先生,理由是他在那里遭到了非法驱逐,房门被反锁,他无法再进入,房东还企图将其行李箱扔到街上。根据这些指控,警方确实可以逮捕房东,但黄警官鉴于报案人有犯罪记录,怀疑他所言不实,便进行了调查。房东范先生告诉黄警官,旅馆里自从住进这位45岁的大连男子邸千,就如同遭遇一场劫难。邸千非但连续数月不付房租,还不断向他要钱去赌场。借不到钱,邸千就搞破坏,撬门、砸锁、弄坏电饭锅,朝他脸上吐口水,还挥拳威胁说家庭旅馆不合法,准备去举报,除非给他3000美元。昨天邸千将牙签插入房门锁芯,范先生无奈只得换锁,邸千见状就报了警。黄警官不忍心逮捕受害者范先生,耐心劝说双方协商解决。最后邸千向范先生要了700美元,就此搬出家庭旅馆。 黄警官介绍说,房东赶走坏房客的最佳时机是在坏房客入住的30天以内。在这段时间内,房东若发现租客是麻烦人物,可将一个月内剩余的租金和押金退还,令其搬走。租客若不走,房东报警后警方有权勒令租客搬走。“职业租客”一般都知道头30天是一个关口,在这段时间内他们会伪装良善,蒙骗房东,使其不知不觉错过逐客时机,沦为待宰羔羊。“职业租客”多以行骗为生,对付过各种各样的房东。通常他们会谎称家庭背景良好,例如,邸某就曾吹嘘母亲是花泳教练,继父差点当上广东省体委主任,自己也是优秀运动员,而实际情况是“爹娘碰瓷儿老赖,躲债练成滚刀肉”,婚前因不伦恋母癖被继父打出家门,婚后又因赌债累累妻离子散,六亲避之唯恐不及。本文所列的九句“租霸”雷语,均录自“职业租客”邸千之口,具有一定的代表性,足以反映“职业租客”们的心态和畸形人格。 当“职业租客”住满30天图穷匕见时,房东切忌与之直接冲突,只能通过法律途径解决。法院未作判决前,房东不得自行驱赶。在美国“非法驱逐”属于刑事罪,房客有权对“非法驱逐”造成其损失向法院要求三倍赔偿。房东正确的做法是,马上以挂号信方式通知房客在30天后搬走。30天后如果房客未搬走,房东可以向租房仲裁委员会(Rental board)起诉房客,申请驱逐令(Eviction)。如果法院寄来驱逐令之后房客还不走,房东可请求警察强制执行。警察若不受理,可记下其警徽号用于投诉。房客对于驱逐令不服可以上诉,但必须先搬走。房客所欠缴的租金,房东需另行通过民事诉讼来追讨。如果房客败诉,诉讼费用由房客付。对于房客赖债,法庭会把欠款记录写入个人信用报告里,跟随其一辈子。某些法院规定,涉案金额不足万元的案子由小额法院(Small Claims Court)审理,不得聘请律师。 ● “职业租客”比房东更懂法 “租霸”的雷语: --- “赶我走?让我来教教你什么是美国法律吧。” --- “打官司你至少亏两万,给我五千我立马滚。” --- “我白住你房子能咋啦?你根本不配做房东!” “职业租客”都是打定主意“将无耻进行到底”的,“极品无赖”更会钻尽法律漏洞来损人利己,因此房东们必须了解美国法律,加强防范意识。许多华人新移民为了节省开支,会选择住廉价的地下室房间(土库)或家庭旅馆床位,报纸上网站上也常年刊登地下室、家庭旅馆的广告。但是在美国,地下室出租属于违法,被严厉禁止;开办家庭旅馆无执照的也不合法,只是民不告官不究。正因如此,地下室、家庭旅馆的屋主最容易遭“职业租客”敲诈勒索。不过,屋主大可不必惊慌,当房管局(Building Department)接到举报派人登门检查时,如果主人不开门,检查员是不得强行闯入的,除非遇到火警等紧急情况。警察没有搜查证也不能擅闯民宅、砸门扰民。“职业租客”向警局告发房东换锁,未必都能奏效,因为究竟是房客丢了钥匙还是房东换了锁,得由证据证明,这就看谁提供的人证、物证更有力。 “职业租客”有时会以在租屋内丢钱丢物为由讹诈房东,要求赔偿。《世界日报》去年报道过一个案例,家庭旅馆孙老板为了赶走“职业租客”邸千,宁可赔钱劝退了全部租客,关闭旅馆,不料邸千又偷偷从屋外的消防梯爬入四楼空房内过夜。后来邸千借口在房间内遗失了一千美元,要孙老板赔偿。孙老板害怕被纠缠不休,便给钱了事。其实,房东对于房客在租屋内的财物失窃,是无需承担责任的,除非该租屋经常发生盗窃案,而房东未改善安全措施。房东所购买的责任保险,只负责赔偿租客在租屋外面(如楼梯、停车场、游泳池等公共场所)所发生的人体伤害事故。租客如有贵重物品,最好还是存放于银行保险箱,或自己购买租客保险(renter insurance)。假如租屋发生火灾,造成租客财物受损,那么房东的责任保险会作出赔偿。“职业租客”为讹钱费尽心机,房东须心细如发,昼警暮巡。 房屋设施损毁如果是租客所为,应由租客负责修复;如果损坏不是,则可要求房东修复。房东迟迟不修的,租客可自行修复,事后从租金中扣除预付的修理费。为厘清责任关系,拍照保存证据必不可少。一些屋主想通过提高租金来逼退恶房客,其实并不是好方法。法律规定,租金涨幅10%以下的,须提前30天通知租客;涨幅10%以上的,须提前60天通知。有的城市还限制涨租幅度。一位老太太16年前以350美元租下整栋House,16年里物价房价涨了很多,而租金却只按通膨率上调一点点。老太太握有合同拒绝搬走,屋主受拖累破了产。后来House由银行接手拍卖,却没人敢买,因为买主必须继承这位老太太。合同的重要性不言而喻。布鲁克林居民周女士把三楼套房出租给两名中餐馆打工仔,后来发现房内住着十人。因没有合同,法律不予保护。法官通知十名住客搬走时又特别宽限三个月,让房东叫苦不迭。 许多华人出租房屋没有合同,有些只写简单的合约,一旦发生纠纷就缺乏解决依据。而美国人崇尚契约精神,严谨的合同会规定租客不得将租屋改作商业用途,不得转租他人,不得增加人数,不得饲养动物。如果租客毁约,不按时交租金,改动房屋结构,破坏设施等,房东会以书面方式要求租客赔偿,并且搬走,然后向仲裁委员会(Rental Board)起诉租客。美国屋主出租房屋时还重视“严进”,会委托经纪人让租客提供社会安全号、信用记录、工资证明以及前任房东的推荐信。房东有权要求租客预付最后一个月的租金、押金、清洁费及信用背景调查费。对于有信用记录的租客,通常先收两个月租金再加一个月押金;对于无信用记录的租客,通常先收半年或一年租金再加一个月押金。押金(Security Deposit)是房东为保护财产免遭损坏,在租客搬走后可从中扣除房屋设施修理费用和清洁费用。 ● “职业租客”怀恶意有备而来 “租霸”的雷语: --- “改天找两人来整死你,你看警察到底会抓谁。” --- “你缠着要我还钱,我就告你诽谤罪、骚扰罪。” --- “住你这儿费了我不少力,不给四五千能走吗?” 房东出租房屋时,如果执意要求承租人出具个人信用记录,会吓退所有“职业租客”。但是倘若房东被“职业租客”花言巧语蒙蔽,引狼入室,那么双方日后注定免不了一场恶斗。“职业租客”永远不会因为欠租金和给房东造成麻烦而愧疚的,相反他们巴不得房东遇车祸、猝死或被捕,可以趁机继续白住,反客为主。皇后区警署特别受害人案件小组曾遇到一名华裔中年男子的离奇报案,报案人David声泪俱下,诉说遭到“干爹”性侵犯,下体仍疼痛。警察、法医令他脱下裤子检查,结果没有找到任何他人DNA,也未发现肢体挫伤痕迹,却从其红肿的肛门内侧表皮组织中提取到黄瓜碎片。警方怀疑这是一宗假案。后经查明,原来David是“职业租客”,已欠“干爹”数月租金,还以母亲病危为借口向“干爹”借钱。“干爹”致电David母亲索债,双方为此爆发争吵。最后David因老母心力交瘁,被迫悻悻而去。 更令警方惊奇的是“干爹”岁数不大,比David年轻。David在这一地区经常搬家,欠下不少租金、赌债,租房过程中认爹认娘、认哥认姐是常事。知情人严先生透露,1971年David出生于哈尔滨,幼年丧父,因家庭变故迁居大连,继父是游泳教练。继父在把他培养成为运动员的六年里,曾不断性侵过他,促使他离家出走。另一位知情人罗小姐告诉警方,David自称是法拉盛大学点大道上的大亚橱柜瓷砖公司的送货司机,有一次挪用公司货款去赌博,向她借钱补上那笔货款。此后David几次三番约她见面,借口须当面还钱企图对她性侵,却至今未还钱。林登大道一栋独立屋地下室租户老吴说,David住在他家时曾吹嘘能帮人代办假结婚,骗了一名室友的钱之后就溜了。有一次老吴在街上望见David被两名男子拽住衣领逼着还钱。这样的“职业租客”谁遇上谁倒霉,房东们除了斗争别无退路,但斗争方法则大有讲究。 法律是一把双刃剑,对租赁关系双方各有禁戒。关系恶化时,双方都能从法律条文中找出投诉对方的理由。房屋出租后,房东对房屋进行例行检查须提前24小时通知租客,获允许才可进入。但法律规定紧急情况除外,例如楼上浴缸的水满溢,房东便可在租客不在时进屋查修水管。即便租客拒不合作,不让检查,但查房的机会和理由总是会有的,房东切忌贸然行事。此外,租客如果觉得房屋状况变得不适宜居住,可随时搬走,并要求房东退还不适宜居住期间的租金。此类情况包括:漏水,窗户破损,房子结构出现危险,供水不足,没暖气,没热水,电路系统故障,地面不卫生,老鼠和蟑螂为患,防火通道堵塞等。房屋管理部门接到租客投诉后,一般会给房东60天时间改正。当然,如果租客有违约行为,甚至在屋内从事非法活动等,那么,房东便有理由向法庭申请驱逐令,并依法向租客索赔损失。 相对租客而言,房东大多拥有物产,有一定的经济实力,而租客大多属于弱势群体。为维护社会安定,避免穷人流离失所,美国法律偏向于保护租客权益,这使得一些“职业租客”觉得有机可趁。但是诈骗、霸租、赖债,毕竟都是不道德行为,会引起公愤,社会环境对“职业租客”是不利的。屋主出租房屋遇上“职业租客”无论多么愤怒,都须保持冷静,不动声色地与之周旋,尽量套取对方更多的信息,收集人证物证,以备诉诸法律行动。如果能找到几个朋友愿意出具证词,指控“职业租客”在租屋内从事诈骗、偷窃、藏匿赃物、骚扰威胁室友和房东、猥亵儿童、企图纵火投毒、散布支持恐怖主义言论、贩卖假货假证等非法活动,就有办法将其绳之以法。“职业租客”到处作恶,必有不少受害者,我们可通过公布其资料,找到更多的受害者;另外还可从“职业租客”的社会关系中发现其软肋,以恶制恶。 与“职业租客”过招,既不能触犯法律,又要超出“职业租客”的思维逻辑,出其不意才能击中要害。最后提醒大家:在美国,只有执法官(Marshal)有权对“职业租客”实施强制驱逐;而“非法驱逐”属于刑事罪。 张伟 2016年6月6日 (中国新闻网)
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分享 美国房屋出租管理办法有哪些?
国际新闻 2016-1-30 10:16
房屋出租两种方式,自己管理或由专业出租公司管理。 选择自己管理,虽可节省费用,但必须清楚了解美国房地产租赁条款。房屋租赁法规定房东必须提供给租客一个固定的美国当地地址,以便有问题随时联系你;必须提供租客一个紧急电话号码,他们需要帮助时可去帮忙;房东需要了解当地房租的变化,租客若未按时付房租,房东即刻要採取法律行动。这些要求对海外投资者来说,不仅耗费大量时间精力,更浪费不必要的花费。所以,交由专业房屋管理公司管理出租房屋更为明智。 一、房屋管理公司的主要职责 房屋管理公司的主要职责包括:刊登房屋广告,找到租客; 起草租房协议,确认房租及各方职责;对租客进行信用调查、租房历史调查、工作收入确认、犯罪记录调查,以确保房东利益; 每月收取房租,并转入房东账户; 定期进行房屋检查,向海外的房东通过邮件或电话汇报; 如有需要,对房屋进行週期性维修和保养; 代理房东进行年度报税; 协助处理与租房有关的法律纠纷,例如未支付房租:如果房客不付租金,需要专业律师驱赶房客,律师费在$600-1000左右,为时需要3个月; 房租合同结束后,结账退房; 重新刊登房源,找到新的租客。 二、管理公司的收费项目 1.寻找到房客后,收年租金的6%,之后每延长一年租期只收$300. ; 2.每月$100美金的管理费; 3.管理公司会要求房客房租每月一付,押金交纳1-2个月。 北美购房网 2015/12/23 世界日报:赌徒邸千「霸租」纽约家庭旅馆 敲诈勒索三千美元 家庭旅馆恶房客 拿钱落跑 在法拉盛Ash大道夹邦恩街(Bowne St.)某家庭旅馆租一个床位的中年华裔男子邸千,日前向警方指称房东把门反锁、扔他东西等多种恶劣手段企图非法驱赶。房东孙先生则称,双方纠纷是因邸千欠庞大赌债,没从他那里借到钱而报警。警方介入后,双方终于和解,邸千带着房东借他的数百元日前搬出家庭旅馆,并留下一封给房东的信,作为借据。 房客邸千投诉称,房东孙先生得知市楼宇局(Building Department)要来检查后,开始驱赶房客,因他不肯搬走,多次把门反锁,扔掉他放在冰箱的食物和一些日用品,还企图把他的行李箱扔到街头。 针对这起投诉,孙先生表示,「这房客不久前因攻击罪被捕,释放后没钱,我出于好心让他住进来,劝他改恶从善。」 孙先生指出,双方此次冲突的起因是赌博,「上月20日,他说赌博输掉老板让他办事的钱,不还钱工作就没了,因此开口向我借1000元,我没借他,后来了解到他把离婚卖房刚分到的钱也输掉了,而且向几个人借钱还没还」。 「因为我不借他钱,他就不付租金并威胁称,这个家庭旅馆非法,他就在这里不走,而且要去举报,让旅馆开不下去。这种情况下,我决定关闭家庭旅馆,让其他住客搬走。没想到,他开始搞破坏,弄坏电饭锅、撬门、砸锁、威胁,朝我脸上吐口水,拳头在我眼前晃,吓得我们不敢进屋。」 关于邸千投诉他换锁一事,孙先生指出,对方听说如果房东换锁,警察可以逮捕房东,于是就以换锁为由,两次从逃生楼梯爬到四楼,从窗口进入。孙先生解释,他开始并没有换锁,后来不得已才换锁是因为邸千在锁心里塞了牙签。 孙先生强调,「我并没有扔他的行李,现在他连吃饭的钱都没有,前几天,想向我要3000元,最少2500元,说拿到钱马上就搬走。我最终给了他700元,他在周二早上搬走了,还写了一封给我的道歉信,此事也算告一段落」。 孙先生指出,纽约有上千家家庭旅馆,数以万计的华裔房东分租床位给打工者。家庭旅馆和分租都不合法规,但却为众多收入不高、以打工为生、甚至要寄钱回国的华裔移民提供很多便利、降低他们的生活成本,为政府解决一些社会问题。 世界日报记者/纽约报导 July 28, 2015 邸千,男,1971年2月出生,辽宁省大连市人,现居纽约法拉盛,职业是送货司机。嗜好抽烟赌博,打架斗殴,诈骗,欠债不还,诬告债主及房东。有犯罪被捕入狱记录。 Failed gambler Qian Di occupied the guesthouse and extorted $3000 (World Journal post) An evil tenant blackmailed money from the guesthouse and escaped Qian Di, a milldle-aged Chinese man who rented a bed from a guesthouse on the Ash Avenue and Bowne Street in the Flushing Town, ecently told the police that his landlord try to drive out him illegally with a variety of harsh means, such as locked the door and throw him baggages. However, the landlord Mr.Sun said, their dispute is due to Qian Di owed huge gambling debts, and can not to borrow money from him, then, called the police. Through the police intervention, the two sides finally reconciliated----Qian Di moved out of the guesthouse recently with hundreds dollars whice the landlord lended him, and leave a letter to landlord for a debt note. The tenant Qian Di complained that his landlord Sun drives all tenants while hearsay the City Department of Buildings will examine to come. Mr.Sun locked the door repeatedly, and throwed his refrigerator foods and some daily necessities because he refused to move out. Mr.Sun even attempted to throw his trunk to the street. In view of this complaint, Mr.Sun said, "This tenant was arrested by the attack crime not long ago. He has no money after the release. I let him live here by my kindness. Also I advised him to mend his ways." Mr.Sun pointed out that cause of comflict is Qian Di indulged in gambling. "On the 20th of last month, Qian Di told me that he lost the payment for goods of his boss in the gambling. He was afraid that he might lose his job if he doesn't return the payment to his boss. Therefore he asked me to loan $1000. I didn't lend money to him yet. Soon after, I learned that he sold his house that he got from the divorce case. He also borrowed money from many people and has not returned to them." "He didn't pay the rental to me because I didn't lend money to him. He declared this guesthouse is illegal. He will not only to stay living here, but also will report to the government. He threatened to make my guesthouse close. In this case, I decided to close the guesthouse, and persuaded other residents move away. Unexpectedly, he began to engage in sabotage, such as damaged the electric rice cooker, and pried the doors, and smashed locks.He was using violence and intimidation. He spited in my face, and shaked his fist in front of me. Therefore We dare not enter here again." Regarding the case which Qian Di complainted his landlord changed the lock, Mr.Sun pointed out that Qian Di knew the law requires that the police can arrest the landlord who changes the lock without authorization. Thus Qian Di use it as an excuse to climbed from the escape stairs to the 4th floor and came into the window. Mr.Sun explained that he would not change the lock originally, but he changed it later because of Qian Di crammed the toothpick in the lock. Mr.Sun stressed, "I did not throw his luggage. Qian Di has no money to buy foods now. A few days ago, He ask me to borrow $3000, at least $2500. He said that he will leave at once, as soon as he gets the money. Finally I gave him $700. He, then, moved out on Tuesday morning, and wrote an apology letter to me. This matter was end." Mr.Sun pointed out that there are thousands of guesthouses in New York. Tens of thousands of Chinese landlords sublet beds for the migrant workers. The beds subletting of the guesthouses are illegal, but they provide some conveniences for many Chinese immigrants who are low-income, and work for a living, or even to send money to home. The guesthouses reduce their living costs, and help the government to solve some social problems. World Journal reporter / New York post July 28, 2015 Translator: Ms.Le Zhou (Qian Di, a Chinese male, born in February 21, 1971. He is living in Flushing town, New York City now. He is addicted to gambling, fighting, fraud, false debt, creditors and the landlord. He has some criminal records. Warning: Do not lend your money or rent your room for the Chinese gambler Qian Di! If you find out that he is trying to harm you, please report to the police immediately. His SSN is 115-23-9532.)
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分享 专家指导 如何在美国做房东
国际新闻 2016-1-29 20:50
(大纪元记者萧桐美国华盛顿DC报导) “安得广厦千万间,大庇天下寒士俱欢颜”,杜甫的诗道出了中国人对安居乐业的重视。先人讲究的祖传家业,也主要是指田产房屋。大部份身在海外的华人在置业时首先想到的就是买房子,概因房屋既可以保值也会增加人的心理安全感。在马里兰和维吉尼亚两州投资房产需要注意哪些因素?在两州都设有分支的常青地产(Evergreen Properties, Inc,EVG)经纪人黄琼(Joan Huang),以专家的经验向您支招。 个人投资房产大体分两种,一是旧房买进,翻新卖出;一是房屋出租。由于房地产业与整体经济形势的浮动联系紧密,不论是以上哪一种投资,大家都应该紧跟大形势的变化,在其中做选择。 以房屋买卖来说,很多房主在经济开始衰退时,或因担心贬值或因心有不甘,而不愿低价卖房。“2005年,因为房屋价格大涨,我的一位客户买进了一栋房子。2006年地产泡沫来临前夕,客户因几千元的差价让房子压在了手里。其实,如果当时能果断买出,即使亏个几千甚至上万,能将现金收回手里。等到真正的房产熊市来临时,就可以在更好的地段进行更划算的买房投资。即使机遇在眼前,手中没有现钱,什么都做不了,一念之差,有别于此。”黄琼认为,吃亏是福,即使丢掉眼前的一些利益,但从长远看,有选择权才能不浪费机遇。 出租房屋做房东是长期的投资,需要更多的耐心。黄琼对这一部份投资者建议,首先要融洽与房客的关系:将房客当成朋友关心,及时适当的沟通都是很重要的原则。“有一个房客因为公司发薪水的时间延后,需要将付房费的时间推后到每月的十号,但这一天恰好是房东要交房贷的截止日。房东将自己的难处告诉了房客,同时决定承担一定的风险同意延期。房客在感激之余,将付租金的方式由私人支票改成现金支票(Cashier's Check)。人与人之间要想相处的愉快长久,互相之间的关心和理解是必不可少的。” 同时,房东也应该了解当地的房屋出租法规,适时的运用这些知识,减少不必要的麻烦和损失。一样做房东,在维州和马州的待遇大不相同:维州因为是共和党主导,提倡保护房东的利益;马州则由民主党占优势,因此房客的权益更重要。下面就让我们举例说明一些两州与房屋出租相关的法规: 实例一: 房客的条件审核是十分关键的,这也是房东确定房客是否具备租房能力的步骤。基本审核内容包括三项:信用、前房东推荐信和雇主信息。其中通过雇主信息,房东可以了解房客的薪水能否承担租房费用。但在马州,薪水的多少绝对不能成为房东拒绝房客申请的原因。在维州和马州,种族、性别、宗教也不能成为房客被拒的原因。那么,到底要怎么拒绝最为妥当呢?黄琼建议可以告诉房客,他/她的信用(Credit Score)是房东不放心的原因。这样的答案最简单,也不会引起不必要的法律纠纷。 实例二: 租房合同也是需要注意的地方,比如马州要求房东对房客的保险金(Safe Deposit)支付每年4%的利息。如果房东不想这么做,就必须在合同上注明。值得注意的是,即使合同书已经说明,如果房客请法庭裁决,“国法大于家规”,房东还是要照付利息的。因此,黄琼建议各位有房出租的人士,与人方便就是与己方便,能互相容忍的就尽量包容。 实例三, 出租房房屋维护,最能体现维州和马州法规的不同。就拿最让人头疼的霉菌(Mold)问题来说,维州有明确规定,如果房客在看房时没有发现霉菌问题,等房客搬进房屋后出现任何霉菌问题,将由房客自己承担维修费用。在马州,并没有明确的关于霉菌的法规,但有关部门在处理时,会以房客的权益为重。黄琼介绍了一个真实的故事: 经过一段时间的居住后,美国房客告诉租房的台湾房东,要尽快解决屋内霉菌问题。该房东没能及时维修,房客就报告了马州的卫生局。卫生局将该房屋封房,并将租客搬到了当地的旅馆里。结果房东不但要付修屋的费用,还要负担房客每日的旅馆开销。“如果这件事发生在维州,结果就完全不一样了。” 实例四: 如果房客不付房租怎么办?在维州,15天之后房东就可以将房客告上法庭。在法庭宣判后,房客的欠款将会被记录在案,如果房客不及时归还,就会影响自己的信用,进而影响以后的买房租房记录。在马州,这个期限被延迟至三个月,而且如果房客支付了一部份欠款,房东就不能赶房客走。 “房屋出租纠纷的法庭诉讼费用只有几十块,虽然费用不高,但房东在使用法律手段之前,应该三思,因为最重要的还是自己的房产。如果能和平解决,请房客自行离开,就尽量不要对薄公堂。”目前,银行对丧失抵押房赎回权的房主,会提供三千美元的搬家费。这也可以作为房主对到期房客处理方法的借鉴。 对于经济和时间精力有限的房主,有不同的解决方法。第一次进行租房投资,或富余资金有限的房主,可以办理房屋保修(Home Warranty)服务。全年保金300美元到400美元不等,由服务公司处理所有与出租房屋相关的维修事务。公司会收取一次75到100美元不等的保底费,其余超出的花费由公司付款。如果预约48小时之内,公司无法到场服务,则免收本次的保底费。“服务公司会保证房屋的正常使用,如果遇到电器或水管损坏的情况,公司也会直接给予更换。如果需要包管房主的房屋屋顶,则需要购买有特别屋顶项目的服务。” 如果手中有余钱,房屋保修不一定必要,但房主应该购买房屋保险。“我的一位同事负责管理一个商业用楼,建筑的二楼以上是办公楼。一次其中一间公司举行晚间派对,一群喝酒喝开了的年轻人突发奇想,要大家一起向上跳。结果将整个一层楼跳掉,所有人连同楼梯、水泥地和各种设施一同从二楼掉到了一楼,所幸的是没有人受伤,而万幸中的万幸是,房主买了房屋保险。” 如果房主要离开一段时间,或者您觉得管理出租房太过繁琐,也可以将出租管理交付给房屋经理人。托管分两种:一种是业务托管,即经理人帮您寻找并审查房客,房主支付经纪人第一个月的租金;第二种是全权托管,即在业务托管的基础上,将房屋管理的一切,包括收取每月的房租和房屋维修都交给经理人。费用是第一个月的租金加上每月房租的8%。 大纪元时报 2014年12月31日 世界日报:赌徒邸千「霸租」纽约家庭旅馆 敲诈勒索三千美元 家庭旅馆恶房客 拿钱落跑 在法拉盛Ash大道夹邦恩街(Bowne St.)某家庭旅馆租一个床位的中年华裔男子邸千,日前向警方指称房东把门反锁、扔他东西等多种恶劣手段企图非法驱赶。房东孙先生则称,双方纠纷是因邸千欠庞大赌债,没从他那里借到钱而报警。警方介入后,双方终于和解,邸千带着房东借他的数百元日前搬出家庭旅馆,并留下一封给房东的信,作为借据。 房客邸千投诉称,房东孙先生得知市楼宇局(Building Department)要来检查后,开始驱赶房客,因他不肯搬走,多次把门反锁,扔掉他放在冰箱的食物和一些日用品,还企图把他的行李箱扔到街头。 针对这起投诉,孙先生表示,「这房客不久前因攻击罪被捕,释放后没钱,我出于好心让他住进来,劝他改恶从善。」 孙先生指出,双方此次冲突的起因是赌博,「上月20日,他说赌博输掉老板让他办事的钱,不还钱工作就没了,因此开口向我借1000元,我没借他,后来了解到他把离婚卖房刚分到的钱也输掉了,而且向几个人借钱还没还」。 「因为我不借他钱,他就不付租金并威胁称,这个家庭旅馆非法,他就在这里不走,而且要去举报,让旅馆开不下去。这种情况下,我决定关闭家庭旅馆,让其他住客搬走。没想到,他开始搞破坏,弄坏电饭锅、撬门、砸锁、威胁,朝我脸上吐口水,拳头在我眼前晃,吓得我们不敢进屋。」 关于邸千投诉他换锁一事,孙先生指出,对方听说如果房东换锁,警察可以逮捕房东,于是就以换锁为由,两次从逃生楼梯爬到四楼,从窗口进入。孙先生解释,他开始并没有换锁,后来不得已才换锁是因为邸千在锁心里塞了牙签。 孙先生强调,「我并没有扔他的行李,现在他连吃饭的钱都没有,前几天,想向我要3000元,最少2500元,说拿到钱马上就搬走。我最终给了他700元,他在周二早上搬走了,还写了一封给我的道歉信,此事也算告一段落」。 孙先生指出,纽约有上千家家庭旅馆,数以万计的华裔房东分租床位给打工者。家庭旅馆和分租都不合法规,但却为众多收入不高、以打工为生、甚至要寄钱回国的华裔移民提供很多便利、降低他们的生活成本,为政府解决一些社会问题。 世界日报记者/纽约报导 July 28, 2015 邸千,男,1971年2月出生,辽宁省大连市人,现居纽约法拉盛,职业是送货司机。嗜好抽烟赌博,打架斗殴,诈骗,欠债不还,诬告债主及房东。有犯罪被捕入狱记录。 Failed gambler Qian Di occupied the guesthouse and extorted $3000 (World Journal post) An evil tenant blackmailed money from the guesthouse and escaped Qian Di, a milldle-aged Chinese man who rented a bed from a guesthouse on the Ash Avenue and Bowne Street in the Flushing Town, ecently told the police that his landlord try to drive out him illegally with a variety of harsh means, such as locked the door and throw him baggages. However, the landlord Mr.Sun said, their dispute is due to Qian Di owed huge gambling debts, and can not to borrow money from him, then, called the police. Through the police intervention, the two sides finally reconciliated----Qian Di moved out of the guesthouse recently with hundreds dollars whice the landlord lended him, and leave a letter to landlord for a debt note. The tenant Qian Di complained that his landlord Sun drives all tenants while hearsay the City Department of Buildings will examine to come. Mr.Sun locked the door repeatedly, and throwed his refrigerator foods and some daily necessities because he refused to move out. Mr.Sun even attempted to throw his trunk to the street. In view of this complaint, Mr.Sun said, "This tenant was arrested by the attack crime not long ago. He has no money after the release. I let him live here by my kindness. Also I advised him to mend his ways." Mr.Sun pointed out that cause of comflict is Qian Di indulged in gambling. "On the 20th of last month, Qian Di told me that he lost the payment for goods of his boss in the gambling. He was afraid that he might lose his job if he doesn't return the payment to his boss. Therefore he asked me to loan $1000. I didn't lend money to him yet. Soon after, I learned that he sold his house that he got from the divorce case. He also borrowed money from many people and has not returned to them." "He didn't pay the rental to me because I didn't lend money to him. He declared this guesthouse is illegal. He will not only to stay living here, but also will report to the government. He threatened to make my guesthouse close. In this case, I decided to close the guesthouse, and persuaded other residents move away. Unexpectedly, he began to engage in sabotage, such as damaged the electric rice cooker, and pried the doors, and smashed locks.He was using violence and intimidation. He spited in my face, and shaked his fist in front of me. Therefore We dare not enter here again." Regarding the case which Qian Di complainted his landlord changed the lock, Mr.Sun pointed out that Qian Di knew the law requires that the police can arrest the landlord who changes the lock without authorization. Thus Qian Di use it as an excuse to climbed from the escape stairs to the 4th floor and came into the window. Mr.Sun explained that he would not change the lock originally, but he changed it later because of Qian Di crammed the toothpick in the lock. Mr.Sun stressed, "I did not throw his luggage. Qian Di has no money to buy foods now. A few days ago, He ask me to borrow $3000, at least $2500. He said that he will leave at once, as soon as he gets the money. Finally I gave him $700. He, then, moved out on Tuesday morning, and wrote an apology letter to me. This matter was end." Mr.Sun pointed out that there are thousands of guesthouses in New York. Tens of thousands of Chinese landlords sublet beds for the migrant workers. The beds subletting of the guesthouses are illegal, but they provide some conveniences for many Chinese immigrants who are low-income, and work for a living, or even to send money to home. The guesthouses reduce their living costs, and help the government to solve some social problems. World Journal reporter / New York post July 28, 2015 Translator: Ms.Le Zhou (Qian Di, a Chinese male, born in February 21, 1971. He is living in Flushing town, New York City now. He is addicted to gambling, fighting, fraud, false debt, creditors and the landlord. He has some criminal records. Warning: Do not lend your money or rent your room for the Chinese gambler Qian Di! If you find out that he is trying to harm you, please report to the police immediately. His SSN is 115-23-9532.)
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分享 移民房屋出租法律问题答疑
国际新闻 2016-1-28 12:49
安家立业是移民来美定居的必经之路。在纽约生活的移民,初来乍到时租住房屋,立业扎根后买房出租房屋,已成为大家所熟知的生活方式。房屋租赁在移民的生活中扮演着重要角色,它既关系着一部分移民的居住问题,也牵连着另一部分移民的收入问题。以下针对纽约的广大移民朋友经常来电询问的有关房屋出租方面的法律问题,由朱施联合律师楼的房地产律师予以简要回答,希望对存在该方面疑惑的移民朋友有所助益: 1. 在何种情形下房东可驱逐房客?驱逐房客应当采用何种方式才合法? 答:通常,房东可以通过在适当的法庭启动“Summary Eviction Proceeding”来驱逐房客。其中,对于到期未支付协议之租金的房客,房东可以启动Summary Nonpayment Proceeding驱逐房客并收回尚未支付的租金。若租客显著违反租约下的重要义务,例如非法使用房屋、对居住环境造成滋扰、未经允许超期居留等,则房东可启动Summary Holdover Proceedings来保障这些利益。请注意这些程序都必须严格遵守相应法定程序才能获得成功,因此办理时请仔细咨询律师。 必须提醒房东的是,在驱逐房客时,只能通过政府官员执行法庭的令状来实现,房东不得自行使用任何非法方式驱逐房客。例如暴力威胁、将房客锁于门外、故意切断水电气等基本服务、扣押房客的家具等等,都属于非法的驱逐方式。若房东无视法律,霸王硬上弓,其效果反而适得其反,甚至有可能被房客以法律诉讼索取赔偿,并受到民事、刑事之处罚。 2. 冬季将至,纽约对出租房屋的供暖是如何规定的? 答:纽约规定,对于多住宅(multiple dwelling)之房客,从十月一日至五月三十一日,早六点到晚十点间,当室外气温低于华氏五十五度,住宅内需加温到至少六十八度,而从晚十点到早六点,则当室外气温低于华氏四十度,住宅内温度需加温到至少五十五度。 3. 请问关于房屋出租的押金有何规定?房客迁出时是否必须全数退还? 答:房东应在租约终止时或终止后的合理期间内向房客退还担保押金,但是退还时可对押金予以“合法扣除”。合法扣除押金主要有两种情况:(1)当房客损害公寓时,若不属于自然损耗,房东可从押金中扣除合理的修缮费用;(2)当房客有尚未支付的租金时,房东可从押金中扣除所欠租金。 4. 对于没有租约按月交租的“月租房客”(Month-to-month Tenants)在终止租约方面有何规定? 答:这要看房屋是在纽约市外还是市内。若在纽约市外,则房东或房客皆可在租期到达前给予对方至少提前一个月的通知来终止租赁。倘若在纽约市内,则房东有义务在租期到达前送达房客提前三十天的书面通知,其中须说明房东选择终止租赁,并且假如房客不在到期时搬离则房东将提起诉讼对房客进行驱逐。 以上仅仅是对房东房客纠纷当中一些常见问题的简要说明,在房屋租赁方面还有很多具体的法律规定,加上在实际办理过程当中,因个案的情况不同,所采取的步骤和手段也会有所区别。请有需要的移民朋友在发生该类问题时及时请教有经验的律师,以求最大限度保障您的利益。 世界日报:赌徒邸千「霸租」纽约家庭旅馆 敲诈勒索三千美元 家庭旅馆恶房客 拿钱落跑 在法拉盛Ash大道夹邦恩街(Bowne St.)某家庭旅馆租一个床位的中年华裔男子邸千,日前向警方指称房东把门反锁、扔他东西等多种恶劣手段企图非法驱赶。房东孙先生则称,双方纠纷是因邸千欠庞大赌债,没从他那里借到钱而报警。警方介入后,双方终于和解,邸千带着房东借他的数百元日前搬出家庭旅馆,并留下一封给房东的信,作为借据。 房客邸千投诉称,房东孙先生得知市楼宇局(Building Department)要来检查后,开始驱赶房客,因他不肯搬走,多次把门反锁,扔掉他放在冰箱的食物和一些日用品,还企图把他的行李箱扔到街头。 针对这起投诉,孙先生表示,「这房客不久前因攻击罪被捕,释放后没钱,我出于好心让他住进来,劝他改恶从善。」 孙先生指出,双方此次冲突的起因是赌博,「上月20日,他说赌博输掉老板让他办事的钱,不还钱工作就没了,因此开口向我借1000元,我没借他,后来了解到他把离婚卖房刚分到的钱也输掉了,而且向几个人借钱还没还」。 「因为我不借他钱,他就不付租金并威胁称,这个家庭旅馆非法,他就在这里不走,而且要去举报,让旅馆开不下去。这种情况下,我决定关闭家庭旅馆,让其他住客搬走。没想到,他开始搞破坏,弄坏电饭锅、撬门、砸锁、威胁,朝我脸上吐口水,拳头在我眼前晃,吓得我们不敢进屋。」 关于邸千投诉他换锁一事,孙先生指出,对方听说如果房东换锁,警察可以逮捕房东,于是就以换锁为由,两次从逃生楼梯爬到四楼,从窗口进入。孙先生解释,他开始并没有换锁,后来不得已才换锁是因为邸千在锁心里塞了牙签。 孙先生强调,「我并没有扔他的行李,现在他连吃饭的钱都没有,前几天,想向我要3000元,最少2500元,说拿到钱马上就搬走。我最终给了他700元,他在周二早上搬走了,还写了一封给我的道歉信,此事也算告一段落」。 孙先生指出,纽约有上千家家庭旅馆,数以万计的华裔房东分租床位给打工者。家庭旅馆和分租都不合法规,但却为众多收入不高、以打工为生、甚至要寄钱回国的华裔移民提供很多便利、降低他们的生活成本,为政府解决一些社会问题。 世界日报记者/纽约报导 July 28, 2015 邸千,男,1971年2月出生,辽宁省大连市人,现居纽约法拉盛,职业是送货司机。嗜好抽烟赌博,打架斗殴,诈骗,欠债不还,诬告债主及房东。有犯罪被捕入狱记录。 Failed gambler Qian Di occupied the guesthouse and extorted $3000 (World Journal post) An evil tenant blackmailed money from the guesthouse and escaped Qian Di, a milldle-aged Chinese man who rented a bed from a guesthouse on the Ash Avenue and Bowne Street in the Flushing Town, ecently told the police that his landlord try to drive out him illegally with a variety of harsh means, such as locked the door and throw him baggages. However, the landlord Mr.Sun said, their dispute is due to Qian Di owed huge gambling debts, and can not to borrow money from him, then, called the police. Through the police intervention, the two sides finally reconciliated----Qian Di moved out of the guesthouse recently with hundreds dollars whice the landlord lended him, and leave a letter to landlord for a debt note. The tenant Qian Di complained that his landlord Sun drives all tenants while hearsay the City Department of Buildings will examine to come. Mr.Sun locked the door repeatedly, and throwed his refrigerator foods and some daily necessities because he refused to move out. Mr.Sun even attempted to throw his trunk to the street. In view of this complaint, Mr.Sun said, "This tenant was arrested by the attack crime not long ago. He has no money after the release. I let him live here by my kindness. Also I advised him to mend his ways." Mr.Sun pointed out that cause of comflict is Qian Di indulged in gambling. "On the 20th of last month, Qian Di told me that he lost the payment for goods of his boss in the gambling. He was afraid that he might lose his job if he doesn't return the payment to his boss. Therefore he asked me to loan $1000. I didn't lend money to him yet. Soon after, I learned that he sold his house that he got from the divorce case. He also borrowed money from many people and has not returned to them." "He didn't pay the rental to me because I didn't lend money to him. He declared this guesthouse is illegal. He will not only to stay living here, but also will report to the government. He threatened to make my guesthouse close. In this case, I decided to close the guesthouse, and persuaded other residents move away. Unexpectedly, he began to engage in sabotage, such as damaged the electric rice cooker, and pried the doors, and smashed locks.He was using violence and intimidation. He spited in my face, and shaked his fist in front of me. Therefore We dare not enter here again." Regarding the case which Qian Di complainted his landlord changed the lock, Mr.Sun pointed out that Qian Di knew the law requires that the police can arrest the landlord who changes the lock without authorization. Thus Qian Di use it as an excuse to climbed from the escape stairs to the 4th floor and came into the window. Mr.Sun explained that he would not change the lock originally, but he changed it later because of Qian Di crammed the toothpick in the lock. Mr.Sun stressed, "I did not throw his luggage. Qian Di has no money to buy foods now. A few days ago, He ask me to borrow $3000, at least $2500. He said that he will leave at once, as soon as he gets the money. Finally I gave him $700. He, then, moved out on Tuesday morning, and wrote an apology letter to me. This matter was end." Mr.Sun pointed out that there are thousands of guesthouses in New York. Tens of thousands of Chinese landlords sublet beds for the migrant workers. The beds subletting of the guesthouses are illegal, but they provide some conveniences for many Chinese immigrants who are low-income, and work for a living, or even to send money to home. The guesthouses reduce their living costs, and help the government to solve some social problems. World Journal reporter / New York post July 28, 2015 Translator: Ms.Le Zhou (Qian Di, a Chinese male, born in February 21, 1971. He is living in Flushing town, New York City now. He is addicted to gambling, fighting, fraud, false debt, creditors and the landlord. He has some criminal records. Warning: Do not lend your money or rent your room for the Chinese gambler Qian Di! If you find out that he is trying to harm you, please report to the police immediately. His SSN is 115-23-9532.)
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