当年美方的谈判立场之一是:“We are prepared to serve as the 'mailman' between Dr. Fang and the Chinese government in this regard without offering commitments on behalf of the US government.”(见talking points Nov.18, 1989, 全文将附于(B)中)。大使李洁明确曾说:“I'm only the mailman for Fang Lizhi (我只是方励之的传信人)”。“only”一词不准确。但李洁明确实在谈判中扮演过传信人角色,他传来中国政府的口信和文件,也传去我们的回应。重要谈判前,李洁明往往将他的谈判要点(talking points)告诉我们。所以,我们知道1989.6-1990.6期间的中美外交谈判的部分细节,也保留有一些相关文件。
那天(6月5日)下午,我们在Perry Link (林培瑞)陪同下去大使馆,想在那里暂住几天,以渡过动荡不定的时局。薄瑞光接待了我们的。当时李洁明大使和夫人莎莉(Sally)刚到北京,尚未搬入大使官邸。大使馆事务由薄瑞光代办主持。薄同我们谈了两个多小时。看得出来,他不欢迎我们在大使馆暂住。所以,我们于下午4点多钟离开使馆,去建国饭店过夜,林培瑞则回了他自己的家。没想到,只过了几个小时,薄瑞光的态度居然大变,不但欢迎我们去住,而且说是作为总统的客人。
稍后,李洁明还送来一部1963年的美国好莱坞老电影 “北京的55天”(55 days at Peking),描写1899年义和拳攻打使馆区时,美使馆里的海军陆战队员及平民坚守55个昼夜,未被“金钟罩铁布衫”义和拳民攻破,直等到援军(即八国联军)到达,获解救。美使馆人员大概都看了这部历史电影。义和拳事件时,就有中外教士教民在使馆区避难。(在小学,40年代初的北京,凡抡拳打架,不少同学都要大喊一句“我有金钟罩铁布衫!”,壮义和胆也。)
李洁明告,若有紧急情况,速接海军陆战队的值班电话。
以后,李洁明大体每十天来一次。政治一秘司徒文[ William (Bill)Stanton ]每两天来一次。此公为英文文学博士。当时还年轻,精干壮实,血气方刚。现为AIT台北办事处主任,等价于美国驻台大使。
By granting refuge to Fang Lizhi and his wife, the US Embassy has grossly interfered in China's internal affairs and also violated international law. The Chinese government has on many occasions made representations to the American side about this matter. The Fang Lizhi case is a serious political issue which involves China's sovereignty, law, national dignity and the norms of international law. We hope that the United States will act in accordance with the principle of respecting China's law and following the norms of international law, extricate itself as early as possible from the quagmire of interfering in China's internal affairs, and refrain from doing anything to further aggravate the Fang Lizhi issue. Otherwise, the American side shall bear the full responsibility for all the serious consequences arising therefore to the Sino-US relations.
内容是谴责美方对方李的庇护。其中说到方李的罪行是进行反革命宣传及鼓动反革命活动。
我曾建议大使在谈判时问中国当局,我们被指控犯罪的具体内容。以便真要写“认罪书”,也好知道要写那一条。后来,李洁明大使告诉我,这个问题他问了,中国外交部副部长刘华秋的答复是:“他们的罪行是显然的” (“it is obvious,…”)李洁明不接受这种答复。“认罪书”也不好写“显然”罪。李洁明坚持索要中国检察部门对方李的起诉书副本。既然中方照会提到方李一案涉及主权,是的严重政治问题,并有通缉令。按理,中方应有起诉书文本,列举方李的罪行。然而,刘华秋始终没有拿出书面的起诉书。
We are deeply concerned over the recent announcement by the Robert F. Kennedy Memorial of the United States of its decision to bestow the 1989 Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award on Fang Lizhi. I am instructed to make representations to the US government about this matter.
Fang Lizhi, who has broken the law by committing the crime of counterrevolutionary propaganda and incitement, is wanted criminal of China's public security department. The Fang Lizhi case is a political issue rather than a human rights issue. The Robert F. Kennedy Memorial's decision to offer Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award to Fang Lizhi represents open support to Fang Lizhi's anti-government activities, and constitutes a gross interference in China's internal affairs and an act to further worsen Sino-US relations. We hereby express our deep regret and utmost indignation to the Robert F. Kennedy Memorial at its provocation against the Chinese people. The Chinese government demands that the United States Government take effective measures to stop it.
Former president Nixon and former secretary of state Kissinger shared with us the thoughts recently expressed to them by Deng Xiaoping regarding a possible path to speedy resolution of the Fang Lizhi situation.
Mr. Deng suggested to president Nixon – that the best solution is a “simple” one. I would like now to restate our understanding of what Mr. Deng said in general terms:
A statement regarding his activities will be required of Fang Lizhi.
There should be agreement by Dr. Fang not to engage in political activities.
Dr. Fang and his family should be removed from China, preferably to the United States.
路线图还有关键一句——“the best solution is a 'simple' one”。什么是 'simple' one ?尼克松及基辛格可能都没有在意,或邓有意没说清。
条件 a.)和c.) 不难办到。b.) 的含义要在谈判中澄清。美方的立场是:
There are limited to any U.S. government control over Dr. Fang and his family, now and in the future. The U.S. government cannot legally offer guarantees regarding what an individual in the United States might say or do. I believe that Dr. Fang and his family understand this point.
We understand that Dr. Fang would offer full assurances to my Government that he would engage exclusively in scientific and scholarly research for a period of time following his departure from China.
大意是,方励之向美国政府作了充分保证,他离开中国后,在一段时间里,将专心致志于科学研究。技巧是“在一段时间里”(for a period of time)。到底是多长?一天?一个月?一年?十年?没说。所以,并无定量约束,整句话等于是不可检验的废话。但废话能使各方都有脸,这就是废话的功效。
1989年12月22日,我的日记写道:“改定 ‘Periodicity of redshift distribution in a T-3 universe’”。这是用大使馆苹果机算出的第一篇论文。此文后来发表于Astronomy & Astrophysics, 239, (1990), 24。发表时,我们还没有离开大使馆。这篇论文在1990年一月曾作为美国费米实验室(Fermi National Acceleration Laboratory)的预印本发至世界各地的物理系,物理研究所,包括中国。其重要作用是使许多朋友知道我在哪里,如何通讯可以不通过中国邮政的检查。
这时期,我倒是写了一篇“半宗教”的文章,题为 “Note on the interface between science and religion”。该文被收在梵蒂冈教廷出版的有关教皇保罗二世的一个文集中,书名是“John Paul II on Science and Religion: Reflection on the New View from Rome” 。其中保罗二世的罗马新观点之一,就是否定了1616和1630年教廷对伽利略的判决。
1. I oppose the Four Cardinal Principles contained in the Preamble to the Chinese Constitution, because their purpose is to uphold a political system of “class struggle.” I take note that the Chinese Government holds that the above political stand is opposed to the Constitution.
2. In order to conduct scientific exchange with some 20 universities in North America and Western Europe, and also to visit relatives and friends abroad and to obtain necessary medical treatment, I apply to leave the country and travel abroad. I hope that the Chinese Government will give this humanitarian consideration.
3. The purpose in abroad in focused on scholarly exchange and research. I will appreciate and welcome all activities which accord with the progressive interests of Chinese society, and I will not participate in any activities having the motive of opposing China's progressive interests.